{"id":10544,"date":"2022-01-24T12:23:21","date_gmt":"2022-01-24T12:23:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/epidata.net\/?p=10544"},"modified":"2025-05-30T13:10:16","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T13:10:16","slug":"english-every-company-is-a-software-company-and-further-mythology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/backup.epidata.net\/pb\/english-every-company-is-a-software-company-and-further-mythology\/","title":{"rendered":"(Espa\u00f1ol) Todas las empresas son de software (y otros mitos)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Esta p\u00e1gina est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel em Espa\u00f1ol<\/a> y English<\/a>.<\/p>[vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column_text]\n

Adri\u00e1n Anacleto, CEO y fundador de Epidata.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]La pol\u00edtica, la econom\u00eda y, en general, las ciencias con impacto social han sido \u00e1reas que hist\u00f3ricamente interpelaron al <\/span>individuo y a la comunidad<\/b><\/span>; de un modo claro, este tipo de disciplinas estaban (y est\u00e1n) presentes en nuestro d\u00eda a d\u00eda y actividades cotidianas. Muy distinta ha sido la contemplaci\u00f3n de la matem\u00e1tica, la f\u00edsica o las as\u00ed denominadas ciencias exactas, mucho m\u00e1s \u201cdistantes\u201d e intangibles y, por lo tanto, alejadas de la realidad. Sin embargo, en una \u00e9poca marcada por la <\/span>Cuarta Revoluci\u00f3n Industrial<\/b><\/span>, la cuesti\u00f3n del software pas\u00f3 a ser crucial y a interpelar directamente a la sociedad; el futuro del mundo es digital. En su ensayo “No Silver Bullet”, Brooks (1975) identifica los cuatro problemas esenciales del software: <\/span><\/span>complejidad, conformidad, maleabilidad e invisibilidad<\/b><\/span>.<\/span> Su argumento es que el software es visto como algo capaz de adaptarse a cualquier circunstancia o entorno; como algo f\u00e1cil de ejecutar, donde a\u00f1adir un “botoncito” en una aplicaci\u00f3n es mucho m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil que construir un nuevo piso en un edificio (\u00bfqui\u00e9n pedir\u00eda esto \u00faltimo?). Esta percepci\u00f3n produce confusiones y afirmaciones osadas incluso en las mentes m\u00e1s agudas. Pero es importante tener en cuenta, parafraseando a Brooks, que el software no est\u00e1 incrustado en el espacio.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Lo cierto es que <\/span>desarrollar software no es para cualquiera<\/b><\/span> y, a diferencia de lo que algunos suelen comentar,<\/span> <\/span>no todas las empresas son de software<\/b>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00bfTodas las compa\u00f1\u00edas pueden y deben ser compa\u00f1\u00edas de software? Para el<\/span> ex CEO de General Electric<\/b><\/span>, Jeff Immelt, la respuesta es afirmativa (Twentyman, 2015). No s\u00f3lo eso, el ejecutivo tambi\u00e9n ha afirmado que todos los <\/span>millennials<\/span><\/i>, sin importar su \u00e1rea de especialidad, deben aprender a programar. Este tipo de afirmaciones, atractivas en entrevistas y redes sociales, generan la impresi\u00f3n de que ser una empresa de software es algo f\u00e1cil y adecuado para todos. <\/span><\/span>Nada m\u00e1s alejado de la realidad<\/b><\/span>.<\/span> \u00bfSe imaginan a un as de los recursos humanos o a un l\u00edder capaz de motivar a un equipo en las circunstancias m\u00e1s adversas, sujeto s\u00f3lo a la escritura de una l\u00ednea de c\u00f3digo? Si Flannery O\u2019Connor fuera millennial, \u00bfla pondr\u00edamos a desarrollar software? En este caso, \u00bfqu\u00e9 pasar\u00eda con su contribuci\u00f3n a la literatura?<\/span><\/p>\n

Para ser una empresa de software hay que <\/b>nacer empresa de software<\/i><\/b><\/span>.<\/span> Lo digital, la innovaci\u00f3n y la tecnolog\u00eda son nuestra esencia, el aire que respiramos todos los d\u00edas<\/span><\/span>.<\/span> Los programadores son el centro de nuestro negocio<\/b><\/span>, y generar soluciones disruptivas es el motor que nos mueve hacia adelante. Estos procesos no son simples ni r\u00e1pidos: son de largo aliento y demandan esfuerzos a tiempo completo<\/span>. Es imposible que podamos hacer aviones u hospitales durante el d\u00eda y sistemas inform\u00e1ticos disruptivos durante la noche; claro, a menos que, adem\u00e1s de ser una empresa de software, seamos el Batman de la transformaci\u00f3n digital tanto de d\u00eda como de noche.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Como mencion\u00e9 anteriormente, la construcci\u00f3n de software tiene problemas esenciales, identificados por el ingeniero de software y cient\u00edfico de la computaci\u00f3n <\/span>Fred Brooks<\/b><\/span> en su ensayo \u201cNo Silver Bullet\u201d (1975), cuando se comenzaba a descubrir que <\/span>hacer software era mucho, pero mucho, m\u00e1s complejo, que hacer hardware<\/b><\/span>. Esta complejidad hizo (y hace) que la industria del software sea apasionante, con inc\u00f3gnitas tan grandes y tan dif\u00edciles de resolver como la de construir la siguiente gran innovaci\u00f3n en salud (algo que seguramente est\u00e9 desvelando a Immelt).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ahora bien, tratemos un paralelo con la demostraci\u00f3n por el absurdo, digamos que toda empresa es una empresa de software. Pensemos ahora en los <\/span>diferenciales estrat\u00e9gicos de una compa\u00f1\u00eda<\/b><\/span>, aquellos que son el motor de la palanca competitiva seg\u00fan lo defini\u00f3 Porter en<\/span> Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors<\/span><\/i>. \u00bfQu\u00e9 pasar\u00eda con las compa\u00f1\u00edas en general?, \u00bfser\u00edan diferentes o \u201cm\u00e1s iguales\u201d a partir de esto?, \u00bfqu\u00e9 diferencia a las empresas si todas son empresas de \u201csoftware\u201d?, \u00bfc\u00f3mo garantiza esto mantenernos innovadores?<\/span><\/span> Si todos somos buenos, ninguno lo es. <\/b><\/span>Si todos somos lo mismo,<\/span> \u00bfc\u00f3mo nos especializamos en aquellos procesos y estructuras que hacen al desarrollo?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Hoy por hoy el motor del mundo es digital<\/b><\/span>.<\/span> Decimos esto en t\u00e9rminos de que estamos viviendo la <\/span><\/span>Cuarta Revoluci\u00f3n Industrial<\/b><\/span>, cuyo centro es la tecnolog\u00eda en donde el software es la piedra angular para transformar negocios tradicionales en innovadores, y tambi\u00e9n para mantener a flote organizaciones en el mercado; es un diferencial que no todos pueden desarrollar. Esto es algo importante a considerar, m\u00e1s a\u00fan si tenemos en cuenta lo que se conoce como la <\/span><\/span>Ley de Martec<\/b><\/span>,<\/span> que afirma que<\/span> l<\/span><\/strong><\/span>as tecnolog\u00edas se transforman de forma exponencial mientras que las organizaciones lo hacen de manera logar\u00edtmica. <\/span><\/strong>Vale decir que unas van en naves espaciales y las otras apenas por escalera (a menos, claro est\u00e1, que una cuente con el e-batim\u00f3vil). Cada dieciocho meses tenemos una micro disrupci\u00f3n nacida en Silicon Valley que da forma a las prioridades de quienes somos actores de la industria en los pr\u00f3ximos cinco a\u00f1os. Tengamos en cuenta que no estamos considerando, en este an\u00e1lisis, a otros centros de innovaci\u00f3n como los de Israel, Jap\u00f3n o Alemania. Ayer era<\/span> <\/span>Inteligencia Artificial<\/b><\/span>,<\/span> hoy es<\/span> <\/span>Deep Learning <\/b><\/span>y ma\u00f1ana ser\u00e1, posiblemente<\/span>, <\/span>Self-Supervised Learning<\/b><\/span> y otras tantas innovaciones m\u00e1s. <\/span>Inyectar innovaci\u00f3n es complejo, pero es la \u00fanica forma de acortar esta brecha y evitar que competidores emergentes se conviertan en amenazas directas.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Source:Fuente:\u00a0 Crespo, B. (2017). \u201c<\/span><\/span>Digital Transformation: A Concept Born of Fear<\/span><\/a>\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Citando al premio Nobel, Bernard Shaw: <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column_text]\n

\u201c<\/span>Si t\u00fa tienes una manzana y yo tengo una manzana, e intercambiamos las manzanas, entonces tanto t\u00fa como yo seguiremos teniendo una manzana. Pero si t\u00fa tienes una idea y yo tengo una idea, e intercambiamos ideas, entonces ambos tendremos dos ideas\u201d.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column_text]De igual manera, <\/span>la verdadera innovaci\u00f3n s\u00f3lo puede ser co-creada entre las empresas y los agentes experimentados externos<\/b><\/span>,<\/span> obteniendo lo mejor de cada uno para generar una f\u00f3rmula que se ajuste a las necesidades de cada compa\u00f1\u00eda y de la situaci\u00f3n puntual.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En un mundo cada vez m\u00e1s digital<\/b><\/span>,<\/span> proceso que se aceler\u00f3 con la \u00faltima pandemia, es l\u00f3gico que cada vez haya m\u00e1s perspectivas sobre el desarrollo de software, ya que de alguna manera, al igual que la pol\u00edtica y la econom\u00eda, esto pas\u00f3 a ser un <\/span><\/span>tema transversal<\/b><\/span>.<\/span> Es decir, pas\u00f3 a ser algo que tiene una implicancia directa en nuestro d\u00eda a d\u00eda y que, de cierto modo, nos \u201catraviesa\u201d. Pero una cosa es evolucionar, como empresa o agente, y empezar a acercarse a las nuevas tecnolog\u00edas y adquirir las innovaciones que otros crearon, mientras que algo muy distinto es ser el creador de esas innovaciones:<\/span><\/span> zapatero, a tus zapatos.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Consulte el siguiente caso de \u00e9xito de co-innovaci\u00f3n: <\/b><\/span>\u201c<\/span>Automatizaci\u00f3n: c\u00f3mo lograr una reducci\u00f3n significativa en los tiempos de ejecuci\u00f3n de los procesos<\/span><\/a>\u201d.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column_text]Referencias bibliogr\u00e1ficas<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Brooks Jr., F. P. (1975). \u201cNo Silver Bullet\u201d en <\/span>The Mythical Man-Month : Essays on Software Engineering<\/span><\/i>. <\/span>Pearson Education.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Crespo, B. (2017). \u201cDigital Transformation: A Concept Born of Fear\u201d. <\/span>Insights: Knowledge-driven content.<\/span><\/i><\/span> https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/insights\/articles\/digital-transformation-concept-born-of-fear\/<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Poter, M. E. [1980] (2004). <\/span>Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors<\/span><\/i>. Free press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Twentyman, J. (2015). \u201cGE shows why every company needs to be a software company\u201d. <\/span>I \u2013 Global Intelligence for Digital Leaders<\/span><\/i>.<\/span> <\/span><\/span>https:\/\/i-cio.com\/innovation\/internet-of-things\/item\/ge-shows-why-every-company-needs-to-be-software-company<\/span><\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Esta p\u00e1gina est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel em Espa\u00f1ol y English.[vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.3″…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":10601,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[161,119,114,118],"tags":[132],"class_list":["post-10544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-destacados","category-innovation","category-institutional","category-opinion","tag-business"],"yoast_head":"\n(Espa\u00f1ol) Todas las empresas son de software (y otros mitos) | Epidata<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00bfTodas las compa\u00f1\u00edas pueden y deben ser compa\u00f1\u00edas de software? 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